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The textbook does not give clear indications of the dates of events in this chapter.
Russia and the East were isolated from many of the events which took place in Europe during these centuries.
Feudalism ran its course in Europe. Factors leading to the break-down of the feudal system were the Black Death, the discovery of America, and the Reformation and Renaissance - these had less impact on the East.
Russia remained largely feudal until the beginning of the twentieth century.
The time line below is intended to help clarify the time periods, events, and geographic areas covered in this chapter.
All dates are approximate
954 - Princess Olga of Kiev baptized, started to bring in Christian missionaries
966 - Prince Miesko (Mieczyslaw) I of Poland is baptized, and makes Poland a vassal state of the Pope of Rome. This sets the scene for future Russian Orthodox/Roman Catholic confontations
969 - Death of Olga
969 - Prince Svyatoslav, son of Olga, took the people back to paganism
972 - Death of Svyatoslav. Iaropolk became Prince of Kiev, and his younger brother Vladimir moved to Novgorod
978 - Vladimir became Prince of Kiev
988 - Vladimir baptized, and established Christianity as the official religion of his kingdom. He brought in Greek Orthodox priests, and established relations with Constantinople, but the Liturgy was in Slavic rather than Greek.
1015 - Death of Vladimir. Boris and Gleb, Christian sons of Prince Vladimir, martyred
1016-1054 - Reign of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Vladimir
1051 - The monk Antony came from the monastery at Mount Athos in Greece, founded the Monastery of the Caves near Kiev
1054 - The Great Schism between Eastern and Western Churches - Russia chose to remain part of the Eastern Church
1210 - Teutonic Knights and Swedes invade the Baltic lands
1218-1263 - Alexander Nevski
1237 - The Tartars (Mongols) start to move in from the East
1240 - The Battle at the Neva. Alexander Nevski defeats the Teutonic Knights
1242 - The Battle on Lake Chud. The battle took place ON the lake - it was frozen. Alexander Nevski drives the Teutonic Knights out of the region
1243 - Batu Khan becomes over-lord of the Russian princes
1329 - The monks Sergius and Germanus found the monastery of Valamo
1314-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh, founds monasteries and starts to reform monastic life
1439 - The Council of Florence attempts to heal the Eastern Orthodox/Roman Catholic schism. The Greek, Armenian, Coptic, Syrian, and some other smaller Churches accepted the decisions, but most of thewe Churches were soon to be over-run by the Turkish invasions and the agreements lapsed. In the Russian church, only the Church in Kiev accepted the measures. The Metropolitan of Kiev was in communionc with both the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople, though the Pope and the Patriarch had excommunicated each other
1453 - Byzantium (Constantinople) falls to the Turks. Ivan the Great claims that Russia is now the leader of the Orthodox Church
1461 - The Russian Church divided into two administrative regions centered on Kiev and Moscow, each with a Metropolitan (equivalent to an Archbishop)
1480 - Ivan III (the Great) breaks free of the Tartar yoke
1470-1490 - A secret society of Judaizers tries to take over the Church
1533 - Ivan IV (the Terrible) becomes "Grand Prince" at the age of 3. He was Ivan the Great's grandson.
1542-1563 - Makary (Macarius), Metropolitan of Moscow
1547 - Ivan the Terrible (aged 16) crowned by Metropolitan Makary as "Tsar" (Caesar), claiming that Russia was the successor of the Roman Empire
1549 - The Hundred Chapters Council, led by Metropolitan Makary, sets out rules for the organization of the Church and people of Russia
1584 - Death of Ivan the Terrible. His son Feodor becomes Tsar
1584-1598 - Feodor, son of Ivan the Terrible rules as Tsar, but his brother-in-law Boris Godunov wields political power
1589 - Moscow is allowed to have a Patriarch, making it equal to Constantinople and Jerusalem
1598-1613 - "The Time of Troubles : dynastic wars for the throne, famine, Poles invade and take Moscow, peasants flee to the east and set up Cossack communities
1596-1676 - Michael Romanov
1613 - Michael Romanov becomes Tsar
1652 - Tsar Alexis I appoints Nikon as patriarch of Moscow. Nikon starts to reform the Church, tryiing to bring it into line with the Greek Orthodox Church
1658 - Tsar Alexis I deposes the Patriarch Nikon
1667 - The "Old Beleivers" who had not accepted Nikon's reforms, were excommunicated, and called "Raskolniki" (schismatics)
1672-1725 - Tsar Peter I (The Great), son of Alexis I
1689 - Peter the Great becomes Tsar, starts to modernize Russia, builds a Russian fleet and founds St. Petersburg (Petrograd) as a port on the Baltic
1721 - Peter the Great abolishes the Patriarchate, and sets up a "Holy Synod" of ten Church leaders, who were under the control of the government
1729-1796 - Catherine II (The Great), a German princess who was married to Tsar Peter III
1762 - Peter III was insane, so a party of nobles led a palace revolution which deposed Peter and made Catherine sole ruler
1786 - The "Decree for Public Schools" promulgated by Catherine the Great to make public education available for all free children (serfs were not included), and to teach the basics of the Orthodox faith
1794 - Russian Missionaries arrive at Kodiak islands of Alaska
1905 - Tsar Nicholas II issues the "Edict of the Toleration of all Faith"
1917-1918 - Council of clergy and laity meet in Moscow to start reorganizinf the Church. The Patriarchate is restored, and Metropolitan Tikhon of Moscow elected Patrairch
1917 - Start of the Communist Revolution. Persecution of Christians begins.
Copyright © 1999 Shirley J. Rollinson, all Rights Reserved
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Department of Religion
ENMU
Portales, NM 88130
Last Updated: August 28, 2008
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