History 1700-1914 - Zionism, Revivals - Dr. Shirley's Courses and Resources

Dr. Shirley's Web Courses

History Pages - Part 15

Revivals, the Rise of Zionism, Greek independence - AD 1,700-1,914

These time-lines are intended for use by my students who are taking Courses in Church History, History of Hebrew and the Jews, History of the Greek language, Survey of World Religions, or Biblical Archaeology. Hence they are very selective in what events are included

AD 1500-1800: Safavid Shiite Muslim Dynasty of Iran
AD 1500-1800: Mughal Muslim Dynasty of India
AD 1682-1791: The Hundred Years War between the Hapsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire
AD 1689-1694: William and Mary, rulers of England and Scotland
AD 1694-1702: William III of England reigns alone
AD 1700-1760: Israel Baal Shem Tov, founder of Jewish Hasidism
AD 1702-1714: Good Queen Anne of England
AD 1703-1758: Jonathon Edwards, American pastor, preacher
AD 1703-1791: John Wesley, Anglican clergyman, preacher, hymn-writer
AD 1704-1747: Luzzatto revives a biblical style of Hebrew
AD 1707: "Act of Union" Scotland, Wales, and England form Great Britain
AD 1707-1788: Charles Wesley, hymn-writer
AD 1714-1727: George of Hanover becomes King George I of England
AD 1718: Roman Catholic English version of the New Testament, by Dr. Nary, much less bulky than the Reims-Douay
AD 1727-1760: George II of England
AD 1729-1786: Moses Mendelssohn, Jewish scholar; grandfather of Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn, musicians
AD 1738: John Wesley founds the Methodist Church. He did not intend the Methodists to leave the Church of England, but his followers broke away and chose their own bishops
AD 1750: fundamentalist Wahhabi movement in Islam
AD 1760-1820: George III of England; suffered from porphyria, which caused dementia when he ate meat. His disease can be traced back to James I
AD 1768-1774: Russo-Turkish War; Ottoman Turks defeated
AD 1768-1828: Israel Jacobson, starts "Reform Judaism"
AD 1769-1821: Napoleon, becomes a general and then Emperor of France
AD 1770: Russian Empress Catherine II "the Great" sends the Russian fleet to western Greece to help Greeks revolt against Turks. Revolt fails
AD 1775-1781: American revolution, guarantees religious freedom
AD 1784-1885: Sir Moses Montefiore founds Jewish settlements in Palestine
AD 1797: Collapse of the Venetian Republic. France takes the Ionian Islands
AD 1798: Battle of the Pyramids, Napoleon in Egypt
AD 1799: Napoleon invades Palestine. The British hold Acre against him
AD 1801-1804: Muslim Wahhabis capture Mecca and Medina
AD 1801-1877: Brigham Young, Mormon leader, founder of Utah colony
AD 1804-1881: Benjamin Disraeli, becomes Prime Minister of England
AD 1809-1847: Felix Mendelssohn, composer, grandson of Moses Mendelssohn
AD 1810: Ionian Islands annexed by Britain
AD 1812-1875: Moses Hess, Zionist
AD 1818-1883: Karl Marx, Jewish, converted to Christianity, then founded Communism
AD 1820-1830: George IV of England
AD 1821: Abortive Greek revolt in Moldavia, led by Prince Alexander Ypsilantes, a major-general in the Russian army
AD 1821-1829: Greek War of Independence
AD 1822: Massacre of Hios by Ottomans after Greek Insurrection, killed 25,000, enslaved 50,000 of total 100,000 population;
Champolion deciphers the Egyptian hieroglyphic system from the Rosetta Stone
AD 1825-1827: Egyptians retake Greece for the Ottoman Turks
AD 1827, October 29: Naval Battle of Navarino Bay. European fleet destroys Egyptian fleet
AD 1827: Joseph Smith founds the Mormon Church after having a vision of the Angel Moroni
AD 1830: Appearance of the Virgin Mary in Paris
AD 1830-1837: William IV of England
AD 1832: Church of Christ (Disciples) organized by Presbyterians in distress over Protestant factionalism and decline of fervor
AD 1832-1841: Egyptian Occupation of Palestine
AD 1833: Autocephelous Church of Greece created;
Installation of King Otto of Greece (1816-1867), the son of King Ludwig of Bavaria
AD 1837-1901: Queen Victoria of England
AD 1843: Greece becomes a semi-constitutional monarchy after a bloodless revolt enforces the dismissal of Bavarian ministers;
B'nai B'rith (Children of the Covenant) founded
AD 1845-1934: Baron Edmond James de Rothschild
AD 1846: Appearance of the Virgin Mary at La Salette in France
AD 1852-1922: Charles Taze Russell, founded the Jehovah's Witnesses in the 1870s
AD 1853-1856: Crimean (Russo-Turkish) War. French and English troops occupy Greece
AD 1858: Appearance of the Virgin Mary at Lourdes in France. Lourdes becomes a center for miraculous healings
AD 1858-1922: Ben Yehuda decides to recreate Hebrew as a spoken language, rather than a literary one
AD 1860-1904: Theodore Herzl, founder of Zionism
AD 1860-1911: Gustav Mahler, composer
AD 1862: King Otto of Greece deposed. Replaced by the Danish prince King George I of Greece, with a new constitution creating a "crowned democracy"
AD 1864: Ionian Islands ceded to Greece by Britain;
Leon Pinsker writes "Autoemancipation" (published 1882), and argues for the foundation of a Jewish state
AD 1866-1869: Unsuccessful revolt of Crete against the Ottoman Turks
AD 1869-1870: The First Vatican Council, (reckoned by Roman Catholics as the 20th Ecumenical Council), affirms the doctrine of papal infallibility (ie. when a pope speaks ex cathedra on faith or morals he does so with the supreme apostolic authority, which no Catholic may question or reject). The "Old Catholics" of Europe do not accept some of the rulings of the council, and form a separate Catholic Church which enters into communion with the Anglican Church
AD 1871: Appearance of the Virgin Mary in Pontmain, France
AD 1873-1956: Leo Back, theologian of Reform Judaism, was put in Teresienstadt German concentration camp
AD 1874-1952: Chaim Weizmann, statesman and scientist
AD 1877-1888: Russo-Turkish War results in the creation of Bulgaria
AD 1878: Cyprus ceded to Britain by Ottoman Empire;
Petah Tikvah (agricultural community) founded by orthodox Jews in Palestine;
Congress of Berlin reaffirms religious liberty and equality throughout the Turkish Empire (including Israel);
The Niagara Bible Conference formulates a 14-point creed which is popular with Fundamentalists
AD 1879: Appearance of the Virgin Mary in Knock, Ireland
AD 1879-1955: Albert Einstein, physicist, formulated the Theory of Relativity, Zionist
AD 1880-1939: Vladimir Jabotinski, Zioinst leader, founder of the New Zionist Organization, Haganah, Jewish Legion, Irgyn, Betar, Revisionist Party
AD 1881: Thessaly and Arta region of Epirus ceded to Greece by Ottoman Turks after interventon by European Powers;
Russian pogroms against the Jews
AD 1881-1894: The Revised Version of the Bible, called for by the Church of England; includes the Apocrypha
AD 1882: The British occupy Egypt
AD 1882-1903: The First Aliyah (immigration of Jews into Palestine) mainly from Russia
AD 1885-1962: Niels Bohr, scientist
AD 1886-1973: David Ben-Gurion, statesman
ca. AD 1886: Founding of Conservative Judaism by Solomon Schechter in the USA
AD 1887-1990: Marc Chagall, artist
AD 1890-1914: Greek Immigration to USA. Widespread unemployment and economic problems led to migrations to US of 350,000 Greeks, one-fifth of the total population
AD 1894: Sholem Aleichem writes the first episode in the Life of Tevye the Dairyman
AD 1896: Theodor Herzl publishes "Der Judenstadt" (The Jewish State) promoting Zionism;
Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France revives the Olympic Games at the ancient stadium in Athens
AD 1897: Greece fights and loses a two-week war with the Ottoman Empire;
Crete gains autonomy, with Prince George of Greece as the first governor;
Theodor Herzl convenes the First Jewish Zioinist Congress, and the founding of the Zioinist Organization, in Basle (Switzerland);
The Dreyfus Affair - Alfred Dreyfuss, French Jewish soldier unjustly accused and sentenced
AD 1898: Emile Zola publishes "J'Accuse" on behalf of Alfred Dreyfuss
AD 1898-1904: The Twentieth Century New Testament, changed the order of books to chronological
AD 1898-1936: George Gershwin, composer
AD 1898-1978: Golda Meir, became the fourth Prime Minister of Israel
AD 1899: Albert Dreyfus aquitted and reinistated as a Major
AD 1900-1990: Aaron Copeland, composer
AD 1901: "Evangelakia" riots over translations of the Bible into demotic Greek;
American Standard Version of the Bible, a recension of the RV, included words/phrases preferred by Americans;
Founding of the Pentecostal Church, in Topeka, Kansas, as members of several denominations are touched by the Holy Spirit
AD 1901-1910: Edward VII of England
AD 1904-1914: Second Aliyah, mainly from Russia and Poland, to Israel
AD 1909: First Kibbutz founded, at Degania, Palestine
Tel Aviv founded as the first all-Jewish city in Palestine
AD 1910: 5-point statement of the Presbyterian General Assembly, also used by Fundamentalists
AD 1910-1915: "The Fundamentals", a 12-volume collection of essays by 64 British and American scholars and preachers, the foundation of Fundamentalism
AD 1910-1936: George V of England
AD 1912-1913: The Balkan Wars. The Balkan League of Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece declare war on Turkey and drive the Turks out of Europe. Greece gains Macedonia and Epirus
AD 1913: Treaty of London put Crete under Greek rule. Treaty of Bucharest put much of western Thrace under Greek rule. Lesbos, Chios, and Samos were also incorporated
AD 1913, Mar 18: King George of Greece assassinated in Thessaloniki
AD 1913-1924: The James Moffat Bible, the first one-man translation in almost 400 years
AD 1914-1918: The First World War
AD 1917: The Russian Revolution:
The Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the British
The British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges his support for the establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine"
Appearance of the Virgin Mary in Fatima, Portugal, acompanied by the "miracle of the sun" witnessed by 70,000 - 100,000 people
AD 1917, June: Britain and France demand that King Constantine of Greece abdicate. The King and his son Prince George flee, his second son Alexander became the provisional King
AD 1917, July 2: Venizelos assumes control of Greece and declares war on the Central Powers
AD 1917, Dec. 9: British forces enter Jerusalem, begin modernization of the country
AD 1919: Foundation of the World Christian Fundamentals Association
AD 1919, March: Italy lands forces at Antalya to ensure their mandate over southwest Turkey (promised to them for entering WWI on the side of the Entente)
AD 1919, May 6: Greek forces, escorted by British and French naval units, occupy Smyrna in reaction to Italian invasion
AD 1919-1922: Graeco-Turkish War
AD 1919-23: the Third Aliyah of Jews to Palestine, mainly from Russia
AD 1920, June: Turkish nationalists under Mustapha Kemal attack British on the Ismid peninsula at the eastern end of the Sea of Marmara. Greek forces come to help the British
AD 1920, Aug 10: Treaty of Sevres, signed but never ratified by the Entente powers of Turkey. Promised to give Greece eastern Thrace, the islands of Tenedos and Imbros and administration of the Smyrna district that stays under Turkish sovereignty for five years. By a plebescite after this period the population was to be allowed to ask for incorporation into the Greek state
AD 1920, Dec 5: The Greeks vote for King Constantine's return, in spite of the allies' threat to cut off all aid to Greece
AD 1922, Sept 8-14: Smyrna evacuated after the Greek army was defeated and 30,000 civilians were killed. A million refugees fled to Greece, joining half a million Greeks who had fled earlier
AD 1922, Sept 26: Military coup in Greece, in reaction to the loss in Asia Minor led by Colonels Plastiras and Gonatas, creating the Revolutionary Government. King Constantine abdicates, and his son becomes King George II
AD 1922: Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
AD 1922-1948: British Mandate in the Middle East - Britain rules Palestine and much of the Middle East

Main Sources : Simsothian Timelines of Ancient History, The Timetables of History (Bernard Grun)

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Dr. Rollinson

Department of Religion
ENMU
Portales, NM 88130

Last Updated: January 1, 2007

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