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History Pages - Part 12

The Great Schism, the Norman Conquest - AD 800-1,066

 

AD 800
Charlemagne crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, December 25, in Rome
Haroun Al-Raschid sends an Embassy to the court of Charlemagne;
The Synod of Aix-la-Chapelle introduces the "Filioque" ("and the Son", referring to the Holy Spirit proceding from the Father) into the Creed. This becomes a major cause of dissension between Eastern and Western Churches
AD 801-865
Anskar, missionary to Scandinavia
AD 802
Rose trees introduced into Europe
AD 806
Norsemen sack the Monastery of Iona
AD 810
Nynniaw, Welsh monk, writes a History of Britain;
Muhammed ibn Musa al Chwarazmi writes a book on mathematics "Al jhibra . . . " (the variations . . ) which comes into European languages as "Algebra"
AD 814
Arabs adopt Indian numerals, including zero
AD 820
End of the Abassid Caliphate
AD 823
Arabs capture Crete
AD 825
Caliph Mamun arranges for the translation of Greek classics into Arabic : Arabic scientific studies begin
AD 826
Christianity introduced into Scandinavia by King Harold of Denmark and Anskar
AD 829
The "Annales Regni Francorum" - "Annals of the Kings of the Franks" - official Frankish history
AD 834
Danes raid England
AD 840
Paschasius Radbertus, Abbot of Corbey, develops the doctrine of Transubstantiation - that the Elemsnts of Communion are changed into the Body and Blood of Christ
AD 843
Empress Theodora reinstates image worship in Byzantine Empire;
The Treaty of Verdun divides the Frankish Empire - the remains of Charlemagne's Empire - between the three grandsons of Charlemagne - Lothar I (Italy and Lorraine), Charles II the Bald (France), and Louis I (Germany)
AD 845
Johannes Scotus Erigena - "John the Scot" - becomes head of the palace school for Charles the Bald of France
AD 846
The Arabs sack Rome and destroy the Venetian fleet
AD 849-899
Alfred the Great
ca. AD 850
King Alfred translates several Books of the New Testament into Anglo-Saxon
AD 850
"Church Modes" in music - eventually develop into major and minor scales;
Jews start to settle in the Rhineland, and develop a mixed Hebrew-German language, Yiddish;
Coffee discovered by the Arabs
AD 862
Rostislav of Moravia asks the Byzantine emperor to send missionaries to Moravia
AD 863
Cyril and Methodius go as missionaries to the Slavs, and invent the Cyrillic Alphabet for the Slavic language
AD 865
The Danes invade Northumbria and establish a kingdom at York
AD 867-886
Byzantine Empire : Basil I started as a slave boy, came to the throne by helping to kill one Emperor, and then killing the next Epmperor. He promoted the religious and linguistic conversion of the Slavs, making them become Greek-speaking Orthodox Christians. Basil started the Macedonian Dynasty (867 to 1057) during which the Empire reached its zenith. Basil was a capable general and during his rule the Saracen threat was diminished and southern Italy was recaptured
AD 868
Palestine annexed to Egypt
AD 870
The Danes invade and settle in East Anglia
AD 871-899
Reign of Alfred the Great
AD 878
Alfred the Great defeats the Danes and recaptures London
AD 879
The Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicate one another
AD 882
Saadia Gaon, Jewish Rabbinic scholar
AD 885
Mt. Athos appointed as a religious retreat by Emperor Basil I
AD 890
Alfred the Great organises a regular army and navy, strengthens the Law Courts, and establishes fairs and markets throughout the land
AD 900
England divided into Shires, with County Courts for justice;
Alfonso III of Castile starts to try to drive Muslim Arabs out of Spain;
Development of Arab "arabesque" style of ornamentation;
Beginnings of "part song" in fourths, fifths, and octaves;
Start of Second Pueblo Period in Southwest region of N. America
AD 909
Rise of the Fatimid dynasty in North Africa
AD 911
Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte establishes Normandy as a Dukedom under Count Rollo I
AD 923-969
Byzantine Empire pushes back the Arabs
AD 925-940
Athelstan, King of England - recaptures Northumberland
AD 927
Odo, Abbot of Cluny, establishes a rule of discipline for the Benedictines
AD 929
King Wenceslas of Bohemia murdered by his brother
AD 935-1,000
Roswitha of Gandersheim - German nun and playwright
AD 937
Battle of Brunanburgh - Athelstan defeats Danes, Scots, and Britons
AD 939
Arabs driven out of Madrid
AD 939-1,020
Firdausi - Persian poet
AD 940-946
Edmund I, brother of Athelstan, King of England
AD 941
Danes make war on Edmund I
AD 942-953
Malcolm I, King of Scotland
AD 950-1,150
Islamic Umayyad Dynasty in Spain
AD 955
Russian Grand Duchess Olga baptised in Constantinople - becomes the "Apostle to the Russias"
AD 959-988
Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury
AD 961
Byzantine navy under Nicephorus Phocas wins back Crete from the Arabs
AD 963
Monastics at Mount Athos, Greece
AD 965
Byzantines recapture Cyprus from the Arabs;
English invade the Welsh Principality of Gwynedd
AD 969
Byzantines recapture Antioch from the Arabs
AD 969-976
Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces, who conquered half of Bulgaria, defeated the Russsian invasion and marched his armies to the outskirts of Jerusalem and Baghdad
AD 975-979
King Edward the Martyr of England
AD 976-1,025
Byzantine Emperor Basil II, "the Bulgar Slayer". Kievan Russia converted to Orthodox Christianity
AD 979
King Edward murdered, Ethelred II, the Unready becomes king
AD 980
Pipe Organ with 400 pipes built at Winchester
AD 980-1,015
St. Vladimir, prince of Kiev
AD 980-1,037
Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Muslim philosopher and physician
AD 988
Vladimir of Kiev introduces Christianity into his lands, after his marriage to the sister of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. The beginning of Byzantine influence in Russia
AD 1,000
Beowulf put into writing;
Leif Eriksson, son of Eric the Red, may have discovered Nova Scotia
AD 1002-1066
Edward the Confessor
AD 1009
Muslims sack the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem
AD 1013
The Danes take England, and Ethelred the Unready flees to Normandy
AD 1014
Battle of Clontarf ends Norse rule in Ireland;
Canute becomes leader of the Danes in England;
Ethelred the Unready returns to England
AD 1016
Ethelred the Unready dies, and Canute becomes King of England
AD 1027
Giudo d'Arezzo introduces solmization in music - the tonic solfa, though "do" was origianlly called "ut"
AD 1027-1123
Omar Khayyam, Persian poet
AD 1033-1109
Anselm of Canterbury
AD 1035
Death of Canute. His kingdom is divided between his sons
AD 1040-1057
Macbeth, King of Scotland - came to the throne by murdering Duncan, the previous king
AD 1042-1066
Edward the Confessor, King of England
AD 1045-1099
El Cid - Rodrigo Diaz - Spanish national hero
AD 1040-1105
Rashi - Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac, great French-Jewish scholar and commentator on the Scriptures
AD 1042
Rise of the Seljuk Turks
AD 1050
The Mabinogion, collection of Welsh epic songs, written down
AD 1053
Great Schism - between the Western Latin Church, centered on Rome, and the Eastern Greek Church, centered on Byzantium (Constantinople);
Harold Godwinsson becomes earl of Essex
AD 1054
Pope Leo IX of Rome and Patriarch Michael Cerularius of the Eastern Church excommunicate one aother
AD 1064
AD 1064 - The Seljuk Turks conquer Armenia
AD 1065
Westminster Abbey consecrated
AD 1066
Halley's Comet seen over Europe, particularly England, and taken as an omen of bad fortune;

AD 1066 - The Norman Conquest :

Main Sources : Simsothian Timelines of Ancient History, The Timetables of History (Bernard Grun)

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Copyright © 1999 Shirley J. Rollinson, all Rights Reserved

Dr. Rollinson

Department of Religion
ENMU
Portales, NM 88130

Last Updated: January 1, 2007

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